What is the function of the ego defense mechanisms as defined by Freud?

The function of ego defense mechanisms, as defined by Freud, is primarily to cope with threatening impulses. These psychological strategies are employed by the ego to help individuals manage anxiety and protect themselves from feelings of distress that arise from internal conflicts between the id, ego, and superego. When faced with threatening thoughts or feelings, such as guilt or fear of rejection, the ego may unconsciously use these defense mechanisms to distort reality in a way that alleviates that tension.

This can involve various strategies like repression, denial, projection, and rationalization, among others. By deploying these mechanisms, individuals can maintain a sense of psychological equilibrium, allowing them to navigate their social and personal environments with greater stability. The primary role is, therefore, to provide a buffer against emotional pain and conflict, aiding in emotional regulation, rather than promoting self-awareness or healthy relationships directly.