What is the primary focus of observational measures in school psychology?

Observational measures in school psychology primarily focus on behavior processes and products because these methods allow psychologists to directly assess and understand students' behaviors in real-time and natural contexts, such as the classroom. This approach provides valuable insights into how students interact with their peers, engage with tasks, and respond to various stimuli.

By observing behavior, school psychologists can gather information about emotional responses, social interactions, attention levels, and academic engagement, which are vital for identifying individual needs and developing appropriate interventions. Unlike standardized tests, which may measure academic performance or knowledge at a single point in time, observational measures capture dynamic behavioral patterns across different settings and situations, offering a more comprehensive understanding of a student's functioning.

In contrast, norms and standards typically relate to benchmarks for comparing test scores; standardized testing outcomes measure knowledge often detached from real-world application; and overall academic performance can reflect various factors beyond immediate observable behavior. These distinctions highlight the unique importance of observational measures in creating tailored support for students.