Which structure is the largest in the limbic system and is responsible for forming new explicit memories?

The hippocampus is indeed the largest structure in the limbic system that plays a critical role in the formation of new explicit memories, which are memories that can be consciously recalled, such as facts and events. It is often associated with learning and memory processing, acting as a sort of hub for processing short-term memories and converting them into long-term storage. Damage to the hippocampus can lead to difficulties in forming new memories while still allowing for the recall of memories formed before the damage occurred, thereby highlighting its specific function in memory formation.

The other structures mentioned serve different functions that are not primarily focused on memory formation in the same explicit way. For example, the amygdala is largely involved in processing emotions and emotional memories but does not play the direct role in forming explicit memories that the hippocampus does. Similarly, the hypothalamus regulates various bodily functions such as hunger, thirst, and temperature regulation, rather than being involved directly in memory processing, while the cerebellum is primarily associated with motor control and coordination, rather than the formation of explicit memories.